Home  ›  Foreign Coin Mountain and Reading Same Both Sides

Foreign Coin Mountain and Reading Same Both Sides

Written By dimanche 6 mars 2022 Add Comment Edit

This commodity is about a former unit of Japanese currency. For other uses (including current monetary units), see Sen (disambiguation).

One Sen

Nippon
Value + 1⁄100 Japanese Yen
Shape round
Limerick Various compositions
Years of minting 1873–1945
Obverse
Design Various, depending on year.
Reverse
Design Various, depending on year.

The i sen coin ( 一銭 ) was a Japanese money worth one-hundredth of a Japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled i yen.[1] Ane sen coins were first struck for circulation during the sixth year of Meiji's reign (1873) using a dragon design. The denomination had been adopted in 1871 but coinage at the time could not be carried out. Bated from an alloy modify and a new rice stalk wreath design, ane sen coins remained the same weight and size for the balance of the era. The situation changed when World War I broke out under Emperor Taishō as rise metal costs led to a size and weight reduction. These smaller coins were first produced in 1916 with a paulownia design which was seen every bit liberal at the time. Emperor Shōwa took the throne in 1926, and Nihon was pushed into a militaristic regime past the early on 1930s causing metals to be set aside for wartime weather. These effects would later impact one sen coins through numerous alloy, size, and blueprint changes.

Bronze was the beginning blend to exist used for coinage which was replaced by contumely, and so aluminium in the bridge of a single year (1938). Ane sen coins were made lighter and were reduced in size equally Earth War II raged on causing a demand for material to make military supplies. The concluding coins were produced from 1944 to 1945 using a tin and zinc based alloy as the situation farther deteriorated. Shortly earlier the war concluded porcelain coins were struck just not issued, these were later destroyed. I sen coins were discontinued at the finish of the war, and were demonetized at the stop of 1953 along with other subsidiary coinage.[2] Collectors at present trade these coins on the market where their value depends on survivability rate and condition.

History [edit]

Meiji and Taishō (1873–1924) [edit]

Production of the one sen coin began in 1873 during Meiji's 6th year of reign

I sen coins along with twelve other denominations were adopted by the Meiji government in an deed signed on June 27, 1871.[three] This new coinage gave Japan a western mode decimal system based on units of yen, which were cleaved down into subsidiary currency of sen, and rin.[four] [v] The first coins that were minted are trial strikes or pattern coins, which are dated 1869 (twelvemonth 2) and 1870 (year 3). No coins were struck for circulation correct away as the technology to produce the coins was poor at the fourth dimension. Argent and gold coins were produced and distributed to the marketplace before copper coinage could exist carried out.[six] One sen coins were eventually introduced on August 29, 1873 via government notification.[4] Each coin was authorized to exist struck in an alloy of copper, weighs 110 grains (7.13g), and has a 1.10 inch bore (27.9mm).[7] [8] The obverse features a dragon with the engagement of reign, while on the reverse a wreath design is used with a Chrysanthemum seal located higher up surrounded by the words "100 for i yen" in Kanji. The value "1 sen" is written in English on the obverse, and in Kanji on the reverse. These coins were legal tender just up to the amount of 1 yen which was fixed by government regulations.[9]

Production continued for a few years before information technology was stopped as no coins are dated from year 11 or 12 (1878 and 1879). Information technology is theorized that the aftermath of the Satsuma Rebellion could have left an impact.[10] When production resumed in 1880 (year 13), the scales on the obverse dragon design were changed from a square to a "V" shaped blueprint.[11] I sen coins using the outset dragon design were made again until 1888 (twelvemonth 21), when they were stopped due to mass production and a slight oversupply.[10] As with several other denominations it'due south possible that not circulating i sen dragon coins were made over again in 1892 (year 25) for display at the World's Columbian Exposition.[a] The Japanese government officially switched to the gold standard on Oct i, 1897 and new coinage laws were adopted.[14] Changes for the ane sen money included a reduction of copper content past iii%, while the weight and size of the coins were left the same as before.[15] Both sides of the coin received a make new design equally some of the older elements were no longer viewed positively. The dragon on the obverse side in particular was removed due to the Beginning Sino-Japanese War which lasted from 1894 to 1895.[xi] [xvi] [b] A rice stalk wreath was called to replace the dragon, while the opposite side of the coin received a sunburst design.[17]

Ane sen coins connected to be struck for circulation in the Meiji era until 1902 (year 35). While coins dated 1906 and 1909 (year 39 and 42) were struck, none were plainly released for circulation.[18] [nineteen] [20] Production later resumed under Emperor Taishō in 1913 and World War I broke out in the following year. This result brought Nippon a booming economy which required an increase of small denomination coins. At the same time ascent metallic costs to produce the coins became an issue, and their large size had made them difficult to distribute.[11] [17] [21] Pattern coins were made in 1915 and again in 1916 to exam out a smaller design which debuted in the latter year. This new design features the paulownia coat of arms, is 23.03 mm in bore, and weighs 3.75g.[eleven] [22] The paulownia design was controversial at the time and seen as a liberal democratic trend which was criticized by those in the correct wing.[21] One sen coins with this design continued to be produced until 1924 (year 13 of Taishō) without any additional changes.

Shōwa (1927–1953) [edit]

Materials to make coins such as aluminum were somewhen needed for shipping (c.1944).

Product of the 1 sen coin connected during Emperor Shōwa'south second yr of reign in 1927, using the paulownia blueprint. Meanwhile events around the globe including the Great Low were leading upwardly to another world war. Japan was pushed into a militaristic regime by 1933, and started stockpiling nickel as state of war materials.[23] The Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937 and a National Mobilization Law was declared in the post-obit year.[24] This action suspended the coinage act of 1897 and immune the Japanese government to consequence temporary subsidiary coins without obtaining approval from the Imperial Diet.[11] [25] New contumely coins featuring a crow blueprint on the obverse replaced the one-time copper paulownia coins on June 1, 1938.[21] [26] Contumely was chosen as the previous composition contained tin can which was a military-important metal non produced in Japan.[27] The new crow design with waves and 8 ridge mirrors on the dorsum was made by combining submissions from a public offer.[27]

On November 29, 1938 the human activity was revised and one sen coins were struck in aluminum as copper was needed for munitions.[11] [28] The diameter of the 1 sen coin was reduced from 23 downwards to 17.6mm, while the weight dropped from 3.75 to 0.xc grams.[29] Although the coins were now smaller and lighter, the crow and waves design did not change.[thirty] Using aluminum immune coins to exist produced in large numbers because the alloy is naturally soft, did not require annealing, and extended the life of the dies.[30] The design of the one sen money changed over again in 1941, featuring Mount Fuji on the reverse representing Hakkō ichiu.[31] [32] The obverse side shows the character "ichi" or "one" representing the value of the coin. This characteristic was allegedly handwritten past Isao Kawada, who was the minister of finance at the time.[31] The bore of the money was reduced from 17.vi to 16mm while the weight dropped from 0.xc to 0.65 grams.[29] In April 1943 the Japanese government announced plans to use tin in coinage as aluminum was now needed for more aircraft.[11] [33] One sen coins had their aluminum content dropped this yr from 0.65 to 0.55g.[11] As World War Ii drew to a close the amount of available aluminum became depleted.[11] [34]

Tin and zinc eventually replaced aluminum for one sen coins when they were issued in March 1944.[33] The concluding design used for the coins features a chrysanthemum crest with value on the obverse, and inscriptions on the reverse. Tin was non an ideal selection for money equally the metal is oestrus-sensitive and soft, simply the Japanese government had no alternatives.[34] Supplies came from occupied Southeast Asia where the metallic was abundantly produced.[34] 1 sen coins somewhen became impossible to produce due to deteriorating weather, and were discontinued when the state of war ended in 1945.[35] Unissued ane sen coins made of porcelain were produced in the terminal months of the war and were destroyed afterwards.[11] [34] [35] One sen coins were eventually demonetized at the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a police abolishing subsidiary coinage in favor of the yen.[36] Currencies of less than one yen were rarely used by this time due to excessive post-war inflation.[37]

Composition [edit]

Years Material
1873–1888[6] 98% Copper, 2% Tin and Zinc
1898–1938[17] 95% Copper, iv% Can, 1% Aluminium
1938[38] ninety% Copper, x% Zinc
1938–1943[29] 100% Aluminium
1944–1945[34] 50% Can, 50% Zinc

Circulation figures [edit]

Meiji [edit]

I sen coin from 1873 (year half dozen)
Design 1 - (1873–1892)

I sen money from 1898 (yr 31)
Design 2 - (1898–1909)

The following are apportionment figures for 1 sen coins that were minted between the sixth, and 42nd year of Meiji's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 明治 (Meiji), followed past the year of his reign the money was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "一十二" would read equally "year 21" or 1888. Some of the mintages included cover more than one variety of a given coin.

  • "Year" ← "Number representing year of reign" ← "Emperors name" (Ex: 年 ← 一十二 ← 治明)
Yr of reign Japanese date Gregorian appointment Mintage
6th 六 1873 1,301,486 [39]
7th 七 1874 25,564,953 [39]
8th 八 1875 32,832,038 [39]
9th 九 1876 38,048,906 [39]
10th 十 1877 98,041,824 [39]
13th 三十 1880 33,947,810 [40]
14th 四十[c] 1881 16,123,612 [twoscore]
15th 五十 1882 19,150,666 [forty]
16th 六十 1883 47,613,017 [40]
17th 七十 1884 53,702,768 [xl]
18th 八十 1885 46,846,352 [forty]
19th 九十 1886 26,886,198 [40]
20th 十二 1887 22,249,580 [xl]
21st 一十二 1888 25,864,939 [twoscore]
25th 五十二 1892 Not circulated[a]
31st 一十三 1898 3,649,448 [xx]
32nd 二十三 1899 9,764,028 [20]
33rd 三十三 1900 3,086,524 [20]
34th 四十三 1901 5,555,155 [twenty]
35th 五十三 1902 4,444,845 [20]
39th 九十三 1906 Not circulated[18]
42nd 二十四 1909 Not circulated[20]

Taishō [edit]

I sen coin[d]
Design 1 - (1913–1915)

One sen coin from 1916 (twelvemonth v)
Design 2 - (1916–1924)

The following are circulation figures for i sen coins that were minted between the 2nd and 13th year of Taishō'south reign. The dates all brainstorm with the Japanese symbol 大正 (Taishō), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each money is read clockwise from right to left, and so in the example used beneath "二十" would read as "twelvemonth 12" or 1923.

  • "Year" ← "Number representing twelvemonth of reign" ← "Emperors proper noun" (Ex: 年 ← 二十 ← 正大)
Year of reign Japanese appointment Gregorian date Mintage
second 二 1913 15,000,000 [41]
3rd 三 1914 10,000,000 [41]
4th 四 1915 13,000,000 [41]
5th 五 1916 (Reduced)[e] xix,193,946 [42]
6th 六 1917 27,183,078 [42]
7th 七 1918 121,794,756 [42]
8th 八 1919 209,959,359 [42]
9th 九 1920 118,829,256 [42]
10th 十 1921 252,440,000 [42]
11th 一十 1922 253,210,000 [42]
12th 二十 1923 155,500,000 [42]
13th 三十 1924 106,250,000 [42]

Shōwa [edit]

The following are circulation figures for one sen coins that were minted between the , and year of Emperor Shōwa's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 昭和 (Shōwa), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the instance used beneath "二十" would read every bit "year 12" or 1937. Coin patterns that include examples struck on porcelain are not included hither equally they were never issued for circulation.

  • "Year" ← "Number representing year of reign" ← "Emperors name" (Ex: 年 ← 二十 ← 和昭)
Year of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Mintage
2nd 二 1927 26,500,000[43]
4th 四 1929 3,000,000[43]
5th 五 1930 5,000,000[43]
6th 六 1931 25,001,222[43]
seventh 七 1932 35,066,715[43]
8th 八 1933 38,936,907[43]
9th 九 1934 100,004,950[43]
10th 十 1935 200,009,912[43]
11th 一十 1936 109,170,428[43]
12th 二十 1937 133,196,568[43]
13th 三十 1938 TY1 Bronze[f] 87,649,338[43]
1938 TY2 Contumely[f] 113,600,000[44]
1938 TY3 Al[f] 45,502,266[45]
14th 四十 1939 444,602,146[45]
15th 五十 1940 601,110,015[45]
16th 六十 1941 1,016,620,734[46]
17th 七十 1942 119,709,832[46]
18th 八十 1943 1,163,949,434[46]
18th 八十 1943 (Lighter) 627,160,000[47]
19th 九十 1944 1,629,580,000[48]
20th 十二 1945

Shōwa era designs [edit]

5 different designs were used during the Shōwa era for the 1 sen money, not including blueprint coins which were never intended for circulation. As the weight and sizes were changed frequently later on 1937, these designs accept been listed separate with their respective information.

Prototype Minted Size Weight
1sen-T5.jpg 1927–1938
(Twelvemonth 2–13) 		23.0mm 3.75g
1sen-BS13.jpg 1938[g]
(Year 13) 		23.0mm 3.75g
1sen-AS13.jpg 1938–1940
(Year 13–15) 		17.6mm 0.90g
1sen-S16.jpg 1941–1943
(Year 16–xviii) 		16.0mm 0.65g
1sen-S18.jpg 1943
(Year 18) 		16.0mm 0.55g
1sen-S19.jpg 1944–1945
(Year xix–20) 		fifteen.0mm one.30g

Collecting [edit]

The value of any given money is determined by survivability rate and condition as collectors in general adopt uncleaned appealing coins. One sen coins with the dragon design (1873 to 1888) have two main central dates which are worth the most.[49] The beginning key engagement are coins dated 1873 (yr 3) given their low mintage, while the second and rarest key date of the series are coins from 1881 (year 14) with the "big iv" variety.[49] The latter of the two features slightly unlike strokes inside the character "four" (四), which makes the inner correct stroke wait like an obtuse bending.[50] Copper subsidiary coinage including half sen, sen, and two sen coins all initially use a dragon blueprint. All of these except 1 sen coins have two varieties made during 1877 as the scales were changed from a foursquare to a "V" shape design. One sen coins received the change in 1880, and there is little deviation in value when it comes to the design of the dragon's scales.[51] The adjacent rice wreath design (1898 to 1915) spanned two imperial eras. In general, coins dated towards the terminate of the Meiji era (1898 to 1902) are worth slightly more those made under Emperor Taishō. The most valuable of these coins are dated from 1900 and 1902 (yr 33 and 35).[49] Finally, i sen coins with the paulownia design (1916 to 1938) accept a single key date with 1930 (year v of Shōwa).[49] The 1 sen coin eventually received a crow design in 1938 and production increased until the series concluded in 1945. Collecting these later dates remains affordable as there are plenty of surviving coins.[49]

See also [edit]

  • Penny, similar denominations in other currencies

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ a b Several unique coins dated 1892 are known to accept been produced to display at the World's Columbian Exposition.[12] While there are no known existing examples of one sen coins dated 1892 (year 25), they are mentioned by Krause Publications.[13]
  2. ^ It was a practice of the Qing dynasty to award the dragon.[16]
  3. ^ The mintage given on the correct includes both "Large iv" (四) and normal varieties
  4. ^ These coins use the same blueprint every bit those minted previously nether Meiji, but take Taishō's name and year of reign on the reverse.
  5. ^ The size and weight of the sen was reduced in 1916 to save production costs.[11]
  6. ^ a b c Ane sen coins minted in 1938 are divide into iii different composition types (come across table above).
  7. ^ These are "type two" brass coins.

References [edit]

  1. ^ John Crowdy (1873). "The British Almanac". Stationers' Company. pp. 112–113. Retrieved Dec 9, 2016.
  2. ^ "小額通貨の整理及び支払金の端数計算に関する法律" [A law of the abolition of currencies in a pocket-sized denomination and rounding off a fraction, July fifteen, 1953 Law No.60]. www.shugiin.go.jp. Archived from the original on June 28, 2002. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  3. ^ A. Piatt Andrew, Quarterly Periodical of Economics, "The Stop of the Mexican Dollar", 18:3:321–356, 1904, p. 345
  4. ^ a b Brief History of Coinage Laws Since 1871. Almanac Report of the Director of the Usa Mint. U.s.a. Section of the Treasury. 1899. p. 345.
  5. ^ Wm. Crosby and H.P. Nicholes (1873). Coinage at Home and Abroad. The Bankers' Magazine, and Statistical Register. Vol. 27. p. 983.
  6. ^ a b "1銭銅貨". Buntetsu . Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  7. ^ "The Japan Daily Post". 1874. p. 745.
  8. ^ Monetary System of Japan. Report and Accompanying Documents of the Us Monetary Commission, Organized Under Joint Resolution of August xv, 1876. Vol. 2. U.South. Government Press Part. 1877. p. 276.
  9. ^ "Commercial Notes". Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance of the United States. U.S. Authorities Printing Office. 1900. p. 2264.
  10. ^ a b "竜一銭銅貨". Pepper's Square . Retrieved October sixteen, 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Shifting of Modern Currency" (PDF). Yamaguchi Prefectural Archives . Retrieved Oct 16, 2020.
  12. ^ "Japan: Meiji gilt Proof 10 Yen Yr 4 (1871) PR66 Cameo". Heritage Auctions . Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  13. ^ "Japan Sen Y# 17.2 Yr.25(1892)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  14. ^ New Coinage law of Japan. Sound Currency. Sound Currency Committee of the Reform Club. 1899. p. 28 & 29.
  15. ^ Law No. Xvi of the 20th day of March of the 30th year of Meiji (1897). Report on the Adoption of the Gilded Standard in Nippon. 1899. p. 192-193.
  16. ^ a b "稲一銭青銅貨 (1898)". Pepper's Foursquare . Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  17. ^ a b c "1銭青銅貨 (ii)" (in Japanese). www.buntetsu.net. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  18. ^ a b "1 Sen , Japan, 1906". American Museum of Natural History . Retrieved October 18, 2020.
  19. ^ "Meiji copper Proof 1 Sen Year 39 (1906)". Heritage Auctions . Retrieved October eighteen, 2020.
  20. ^ a b c d eastward f g "Japan Sen Y# xx". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  21. ^ a b c "桐一銭青銅貨 Kiri ane Sen (Bronze)". Pepper'south Square . Retrieved Oct eighteen, 2020.
  22. ^ A Review of Life and Progress in the Orient, Book 1. The Herald of Asia. 1916. p. 35.
  23. ^ Reiji Aoyama (1982). New Revised Coin Notebook, History and Collection Guide for Japanese Coins. Bonanza. p. 192-193.
  24. ^ Pauer, Erich (1999). Japan'south War Economy. Routledge. p. 13. ISBN0-415-15472-3.
  25. ^ Reiji Aoyama (1982). New Revised Money Notebook, History and Collection Guide for Japanese Coins. Bonanza. p. 193-195.
  26. ^ Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (U.s. Navy) (1944). Money, Banking, and Credit. Civil Affairs Handbook: Taiwan (Formosa) Economic Supplement. United States Department of the Navy. p. 76.
  27. ^ a b "一銭黄銅貨（カラス1銭黄銅貨）Crow one Sen (Blass)". Pepper'south Square (in Japanese). Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  28. ^ Japanese Mint Stamping New I Sen Coins. Far Eastern Fiscal Notes. Vol. 1. U.S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 1939. p. viii.
  29. ^ a b c "1銭アルミニウム貨" (in Japanese). www.buntetsu.net. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  30. ^ a b "カラス一銭アルミニウム貨 Karasu i Sen (Alminum)". Pepper's Square (in Japanese). Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  31. ^ a b "富士一銭アルミニウム貨 Fuji one Sen (Alminum)". Pepper'south Foursquare (in Japanese). Retrieved Oct 27, 2020.
  32. ^ H. Byron Earhart (2015). Mount Fuji: Icon of Nippon. Univ of South Carolina Printing. ISBN9781611171112.
  33. ^ a b Currency and Money Transfers Currency Standard and Circulating Media. Civil Affairs Handbook. U.s.a. Regular army. 1943. p. 102.
  34. ^ a b c d e "1銭錫貨" (in Japanese). www.buntetsu.cyberspace. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  35. ^ a b "写真：昭和19年". Pepper'southward Square (in Japanese). Retrieved Oct 27, 2020.
  36. ^ "小額通貨の整理及び支払金の端数計算に関する法律" [A law of the abolitionism of currencies in a small denomination and rounding off a fraction, July 15, 1953 Law No.60]. www.shugiin.become.jp. Archived from the original on June 28, 2002. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  37. ^ "1円未満のお金が使えなくなったのはいつからですか？". Bank of Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  38. ^ "1銭青銅貨 (3)" (in Japanese). world wide web.buntetsu.internet. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  39. ^ a b c d e "Nihon Sen Y# 17.i Yr.half dozen(1873)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  40. ^ a b c d due east f g h i "Japan Sen Y# 17.two Yr.xiii(1880)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  41. ^ a b c "Japan Sen Y# 35". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  42. ^ a b c d e f thou h i "Japan Sen Y# 42". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Japan Sen Y# 47". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August three, 2018.
  44. ^ "Japan Sen Y# 55". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  45. ^ a b c "Nippon Sen Y# 56". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August three, 2018.
  46. ^ a b c "Nihon Sen Y# 59". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  47. ^ "Japan Sen Y# 59a". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved April 10, 2020.
  48. ^ "Nihon Sen Y# 62". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  49. ^ a b c d e "【保存版】1銭硬貨の買取価値はいくら？平均価格＆査定相場《全7種類》". Kosen Kanti (in Japanese). Retrieved Oct xxx, 2020.
  50. ^ "大四竜1銭銅貨の見分け方". Antique Money Info (in Japanese). Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  51. ^ "Japan i/two, one, and ii Sen 1873 to 1892". Coin Quest . Retrieved October xxx, 2020.

teaguelegiring.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_sen_coin

0 Response to "Foreign Coin Mountain and Reading Same Both Sides"

Enregistrer un commentaire

Inscription à : Publier les commentaires (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel